弹射起飞和拦阻着陆冲击试验方法探讨

目的研究舰载机机载装备弹射起飞和拦阻着陆冲击试验的工程实现方法。方法从GJB 150.18A—2009、MIL-STD-810F/G及其提供的实测数据出发,分析弹射起飞和拦阻着陆冲击载荷特征,对几种常用试验方法的工程实现进行探讨和比较。结果弹射起飞和拦阻着陆冲击具有瞬态、交变、低频、大位移、高速度等特征。阻尼正弦波方法的实施路径比较明确,复杂波形再现方法实施路径比较模糊且复杂,超长脉冲半正弦波方法具有多种局限性,前两种方法的速度、位移都较大。结论阻尼正弦波方法较复杂波形再现方法更容易实现,但两者都需要大位移、高速度的专用冲击试验设备和适当的波形处理技术,超长脉冲半正弦波方法在前面两种标准推荐方法能够实现时,不建议使用。     

一种富稀土型三效催化剂的性能考察

对一种富烯土型三效催化剂的性能进行了考察，结果表明：该催化剂具有较好的三效活性和较好的启燃温度特性，具有较宛的空速适应范围，在空速为84000h^-1时，CO,NOx的转化率仍在90％以上，HC转化率仍在70％以上，该催化剂具有较好的耐老化性能，经实验室快速老化实验，即相当于实车行驶8万km,CO劣化系数，1.09,HC劣化系1．05，NOx劣化系数1．06，该催化剂经桑塔纳轿车整车28工况测试，其交化效果与该车配置的美国Engelherd公司的催化剂相当。     

Getting ready for the manned mission to Mars: the astronauts’ risk from space radiation

Space programmes are shifting towards planetary exploration and, in particular, towards missions by human beings to the Moon and to Mars. Radiation is considered to be one of the major hazards for personnel in space and has emerged as the most critical issue to be resolved for long-term missions both orbital and interplanetary. The two cosmic sources of radiation that could impact a mission outside the Earth’s magnetic field are solar particle events (SPE) and galactic cosmic rays (GCR). Exposure to the types of ionizing radiation encountered during space travel may cause a number of health-related problems, but the primary concern is related to the increased risk of cancer induction in astronauts. Predictions of cancer risk and acceptable radiation exposure in space are extrapolated from minimal data and are subject to many uncertainties. The paper describes present-day estimates of equivalent doses from GCR and solar cosmic radiation behind various shields and radiation risks for astronauts on a mission to Mars.     

北京市土地利用分布与水质响应空间关系研究

以北京市16个水质监测断面和饮用水源地作为研究对象,利用2009—2010年16个水质监测自动站监测数据与2009年北京市土地利用数据,分析不同缓冲区内土地利用与过境水质之间的响应关系。研究结果表明,耕地产生的农业非点源污染对水质影响明显;在大尺度区域增加林地面积比例有利于改善水质;离水源近的农村居民用地对水质产生负面影响;工业建设用地对水质影响在较大尺度上更为显著。     

Individual dispersal status influences space use of conspecific residents in the common lizard, Lacerta vivipara

The effects of immigration on the behaviour of residents may have important implications for the local population characteristics. A manipulative laboratory experiment with yearlings of the common lizard (Lacerta vivipara) was performed to test whether the introduction of dispersing or philopatric individuals influences the short-term spacing behaviour of resident individuals. Staged encounters were carried out to induce interactions within dyads. The home cage of each responding individual was connected by a corridor to an unfamiliar “arrival cage” to measure the latency to leave their own home cage after each encounter. Our results showed that the time that pairs spent in close proximity was longer when a dispersing individual was introduced in the home cage. The latency to leave the home cage was longer after the introduction of a dispersing individual. These response variables were not influenced by the relative body sizes of contestants nor by the level of aggression towards each other. In contrast, the aggressive response was significantly influenced by the residency asymmetry established experimentally (“owner” of the home cage vs introduced individual). Our results suggest that the space use by resident individuals is influenced by the dispersal status of conspecifics. The potential ultimate causes driving this effect are discussed.     

自然环境对贮运发射箱的影响

贮运发射箱对自然环境条件适应性能的优劣直接影响到待发射导弹的贮存可靠性和任务完成能力,分析了6种主要自然环境条件对贮运发射箱的影响,并针对这些影响提出了贮运发射箱在设计和贮存上应采取的措施,以减少自然环境对贮运发射箱的影响。     

基于GIS的重庆主城建成区SO2空间分析评价

以重庆主城建成区范围内的9个环境监测点的日均监测数据为例,采用GIS技术,选取环境空气质量评价SO2监测的浓度值,将空气质量自动站每日实测的SO2浓度值进行空间模拟分析研究,反映出主城建城区SO2浓度评价值在空间地图上连续分布,可为环境管理部门提高管理水平和管理效率提供参考。     

阳宗海表层沉积物磷、氟、硫的分布与污染状况

对阳宗海表层沉积物中磷、氟、硫的含量进行了调查,并用单指标标准指数法对污染水平进行了评价.结果表明,阳宗海表层沉积物磷、氟、硫含量的平均值依次为1 041 mg/kg、1 075 mg/kg、2 743 mg/kg.生活、生产污水、工业废气,以及机动船只、网箱养鱼等活动是阳宗海表层沉积物中磷、氟、硫的主要来源.磷、氟、...     

国外舰载导弹发射装置发展综述

介绍了国外舰载导弹发射装置的基本概况及发展历程,分析了固定式发射装置、回转式发射装置、臂式发射装置、垂直发射装置的优缺点及适装范围。根据冷热发射方式的特点,分析了4种发射装置安装方式、贮弹量、射界、发射效率、反应速度、可靠性、安全性等基本性能,阐明了倾斜发射、垂直发射、冷热共架发射的基本原理。垂直发射装置以射界大、效率高、反应快、贮弹量多等优点成为舰载发射装置主流,倾斜发射在近程末端区域防空方面,可提前指向目标,减少导弹近距离大幅机动时间,提升末端拦截概率,是垂直发射的有效补充。舰载导弹发射装置正在朝垂直化、通用化发展,模块化发射和电磁垂直发射是下一代舰载发射的发展方向。     

田湾核电温排水遥感监测与数模一致性分析

利用温度反演和数值模拟的方法,对田湾核电站航天遥感测量和数值模拟结果作对比分析。结果显示:遥感监测和数值模拟结果在田湾核电站附近海域的海面温度场羽迹展布方向、不同季节大小潮型、潮态规律上都是相似的,只是在规模和数量上存在着一定差异,两者可以相互验证。